Finally, we present an application of artificial neural network algorithms to identifying highly-boosted top quark events at the LHC, and comment on further refinements of our analysis that can be made. Interpretational issues related to the validity of the effective field theory formulation are elucidated throughout. Various directions for future improvement are sketched, including analysing the potential of boosted observables and future colliders, and we highlight the importance of using complementary information from different colliders. ![]() ![]() We isolate the sector of this effective theory that pertains to the top quark and that can be probed with top observables at hadron colliders, and present a global fit of this sector to currently available data from the LHC and Tevatron. After summarising the role of the top quark in the Standard Model (and some of its well-known extensions), we discuss the formulation of the Standard Model as a low energy effective theory. The X ± and Y ± bosons are defined respectively as the six Q = ± 4⁄ 3 and the six Q = ± 1⁄ 3 components of the final two terms of the adjoint 24 representation of SU(5) as it transforms under the standard model's group:Ģ4 → ( 8, 1 ) 0 ⊕ ( 1, 3 ) 0 ⊕ ( 1, 1 ) 0 ⊕ ( 3, 2 ) − 5 6 ⊕ ( 3 ¯, 2 ) 5 6, X bosons rotate between a color index and the weak isospin-up index, while Y bosons rotate between a color index and the weak isospin-down index.We explore various aspects of top quark phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider and proposed future machines. − pair is created out of energy, and they follow the two branches described above: Different branching ratios between the X boson and its antiparticle (as is the case with the K-meson) would explain baryogenesis. In these reactions, neither the lepton number ( L) nor the baryon number ( B) is conserved, but B − L is. Similar decay products exist for the other quark-lepton generations. Where the first decay product in each process has left-handed chirality and the second has right-handed chirality andĮ is an electron antineutrino. Where the two decay products in each process have opposite chirality,Ī Y boson would have the following decay modes: : 442 The X and Y bosons couple quarks to leptons (such as a positron), allowing violation of the conservation of baryon number, and thus permitting proton decay.Īn X boson would have the following decay modes: : 442 Since the X and Y boson mediate the grand unified force, they would have unusual high mass, which requires more energy to create than the reach of any current particle collider experiment. In particle physics, the X and Y bosons (sometimes collectively called " X bosons" : 437 ) are hypothetical elementary particles analogous to the W and Z bosons, but corresponding to a new type of force predicted by the Georgi–Glashow model, a grand unified theory. Y: two quarks, or one antiquark and one charged antilepton, or one antiquark and one antineutrino X: two quarks, or one antiquark and one charged antilepton ![]() For mesons with the same names, see XYZ particle. This article is about bosons of a hypothetical new interaction.
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